tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11401784333245104842024-03-19T00:55:33.606-07:00Internetworking Technologies Deepdive, Trends and Reports - An Engineer's perspectiveAn engineer's perspective on IP Protocols, IP Networking details, Data Center Interconnects, Last mile technologies - WiFi, WiMax, LTE Radio Frequency communication and Programmability - Python, REST, Netconf, TelemetryUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger14125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1140178433324510484.post-22958882652735471702018-07-18T13:36:00.003-07:002018-07-18T13:36:27.181-07:00Interesting Meetup Today - Mark Burgess - Trust and Microservices<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
IT, cloud and Virtualization going through transformations on their own. Compute infra went beyond virtualization, container are in main stream. Administering complex systems made-up of micro services without compromising security is critical. Simplifying their interaction is also essential.. I've many thoughts around this area and working in solving some of the problems.<br />
<br />
Learn and share is the best way to tune your ideas and meetup helps you to do it. I'm looking forward to shape up my thoughts, learn, share and listen from others. Lead speaker has very promising profile, I'm excited to take part in this meetup. Looking froward to meet fellow engineers to learn and explore.<br />
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<br />
Meetup link: https://www.meetup.com/SVDevOps/events/252034643/<br />
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Speaker profile:<br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; caret-color: rgb(46, 62, 72); color: #2e3e48; font-family: "Graphik Meetup", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">About Mark Burgess</span><br style="caret-color: rgb(46, 62, 72); color: #2e3e48; font-family: "Graphik Meetup", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><br style="caret-color: rgb(46, 62, 72); color: #2e3e48; font-family: "Graphik Meetup", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; caret-color: rgb(46, 62, 72); color: #2e3e48; font-family: "Graphik Meetup", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Mark Burgess is a theoretician and practitioner in the area of information systems, whose work has focused largely on distributed information infrastructure. He is known particularly for his work on Configuration Management and Promise Theory. He was the principal Founder of CFEngine, and is emeritus professor of Network and System Administration from Oslo University College. He is the author of numerous books, articles, and papers on topics from physics, Network and System Administration, to fiction. He also writes a blog on issues of science and IT industry concerns.</span><br />
<br />
https://www.linkedin.com/in/markburgessoslo/<br />
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1140178433324510484.post-42490335489296153942018-06-16T17:03:00.000-07:002018-06-24T17:10:50.480-07:00Why Networking Industry is very relevant to stay in current Technology Transformation<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Happy to start my writing after Fathers day week end. My 3yr old presented me with a beautiful type-writer show piece, His message says Dad get back to your writing and share your you learning. Inspiration has no boundary and limit, This passage marks a new beginning in my writing. I often get this question "How to become a successful Networking Test Engineer ?", I will try to answer this questions with my living experience as Networking Test Engineer.<br />
<br />
Rather than giving bullet points and cheat sheet style advice, I prefer intuitive self motivated career grown, Hope you have the motivation and patience to travel this with me. Lets begin our conversation with the question WHY?<br />
<br />
Step#1 Why Networking Industry and Why Now?<br />
<br />
You cannot deny the fact "Internet is everything". Computer networking made it possible to connect all of us. Number of connected devices are going up in an unimaginable level. As a history goes a 231 node comprised ARAPNET in 1981 become billions of connected devices, one single family has more than 4 connected devices. That is the power of connectivity technologies. I feel proud to contribute to this technology transformation, as I see we have lot more problems to solve and innovate. IMO, Networking industry played a critical roles in current innovation era. If you are looking to find a best domain to start your career Networking Industry is the best Industry and Now is the best time.<br />
<br />
Why Now, Let me highlight few points from <a href="https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/complete-white-paper-c11-481360.html?referring_site=RE&pos=1&page=https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/mobile-white-paper-c11-520862.html#_Toc484813974" target="_blank">Cisco Visual Networking Index data</a>,<br />
<br />
<span style="border: 0px; color: #525252; font-family: CiscoSans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Almost half a billion (429 million) mobile devices and connections were added in 2016</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #525252; font-family: CiscoSans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold;">Mobile network connection speeds will increase threefold by 2021</span><br />
<span style="border: 0px; color: #525252; font-family: CiscoSans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">More than three-fourths of the world’s mobile data traffic will be video by 2021</span><br />
<br />
Data service changed from an optional expensive add-on to default service to every services. The data we generate, share and store is multifold. Networking as a core technology which includes Connectivity technologies like 2/3/4G LTE and upcoming 5G, WiFi/WiMax, High-Frequency radios and Fiber optics operate with different principle. These technologies created product vendors (One who makes a product based on a given Technology), Service Providers (One who deploys the product to offer a service and consumers. A product suppose to function with an agreed methods called protocols so that a base-station/Service-provider installed products can talk to a consumer devices.<br />
<br />
Given the multifold nature of the industry available opportunities are enormous. There is a space for every one.Having a right skill will get you the right place with good rewards. Learning the required is important</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1140178433324510484.post-3691494791138074922017-06-13T22:37:00.001-07:002017-06-14T07:25:21.716-07:00Data Analytics journey in Networking - An optional to Essential<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbrEWXM7JboVeGyn3QCyttp3Y-XhGpKC28sxkE1jG007JfvvewHZDo4ktleaiePh3tkq_e9etiGXmEmlCBGJWpEzOaASCveEDFiB3dCuJ3Ablyn4j4L7_6IjXM2OaY7al78_eQc2d2Imk/s1600/network+data+analytics.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" data-original-height="236" data-original-width="350" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbrEWXM7JboVeGyn3QCyttp3Y-XhGpKC28sxkE1jG007JfvvewHZDo4ktleaiePh3tkq_e9etiGXmEmlCBGJWpEzOaASCveEDFiB3dCuJ3Ablyn4j4L7_6IjXM2OaY7al78_eQc2d2Imk/s320/network+data+analytics.gif" width="320" /></span></a><span style="font-family: inherit;">Data Analytics and Machine Learning, Two of the most popular buzz words in Tech industry not only entered Networking industry did make a bigger impact. Gone are the days where networking equipment operators thrust on syslog servers and SNMP based monitoring tools to analyze and manage networks. Modern networks need agile ways to monitor networks. Super intelligent traffic engineering methods intrduced by modern networking gears forwarding techniques offer many different seamless failover technique, age old monitoring utilities has less chance of detecting such fail-overs. Also, operators view of monitoring tools as CAPEX had a hard time in integrating monitoring utilities with usage billing. Netflow and sFlow as a flow analysis method or flow monitoring method couldn't tale off due to inherent complexity is building external data store and retrieve layer. Network monitoring utilities failed to stitch networking events with application/server performance, hence ended up in the usual suspect list on every outage.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Networking Industry prayed for a New King with abundant power and easy to adapt integration techniques. From the ray of hope Network Data Analytics raised to industries prayer. Data Analytics had become an essential part of Networking. It attacks traditional network monitoring bottle necks with cognitive echo system. Echo system consists of Tailor made programmable asics and easy to use scalable analytics core engine with army of API support. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Programmable ASIC standout by line rate analytics data export. Cisco, Broadcom (Avago), Intel had come up with stream analytics directly from ASIC. similar to constructing Data traffic, HW analytics tables will get stream out of switch/router.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Network security, a growing vertical in networking eco system relies on collected pieces of information such as data signature and flow patterns. Storing time-sensitive mass data is critical for Network security. Streaming Telemetry makes it easy by means of less overhead in consuming high volume of data. </span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Traditionally SNMP implemented as an application to listen to asic exports. SNMP responded to external entities request, this method is a big overhead in networking gears CPU performance. Streaming telemetry removes these bottle necks. </span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Analytics engine need not be a new software. Regular business data analytics engines with a protocol buffer to decode streamed data is good enough. </span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Who is playing a key role in Network Data Analytics? </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Cisco</b> as an Industry leader has fantastic solutions. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Tetration analytics</b> - <span style="background-color: white; font-size: 11px; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;">real-time data center analytics, combines network and server sensors to simplify SDN, migration to the cloud, and white-list security.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Lancope</b> - <span style="background-color: white; font-size: 11px; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;">Lancope provides network behavior analytics, threat visibility and security intelligence to help protect companies against top cyber security threats.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Splunk</b> - with host of Network analytics centric tools. Splunk is a bug player in Network Data Analytics</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Illumio</b> - <span style="background-color: white; font-size: 11px; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;">Illumination provides a live application dependency map across your environments showing workloads, applications, and traffic flows so you can see how applications communicate and identify violations quickly.</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 11px; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span> <style type="text/css">
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</style> <span style="font-family: inherit;">Network security companies - PaloAlto Networks, fire eye have their own Network data analytics utilities.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: inherit;">P.S. Above list represent only a small set which i am aware of.</span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1140178433324510484.post-10267386690854292082016-09-03T11:11:00.001-07:002016-09-03T11:11:54.838-07:00DATA is the Clear winner Finally an Indian Telco wakes up<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Reliance Industries chairman Mr. Mukesh Ambani has announced tariff plans of much anticipated Reliance Jio (4G+ network). Customer billing is only in terms of the amount of Data used per month Voice calls are completely free.<div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="s1"><b><i>“For Reliance... data is the new oil, and intelligent data is the new petrol”</i></b></span><span class="s1"><b>Mukesh Ambani, Chairman and MD – Reliance Industries.</b></span></blockquote>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div>
I am sure this move is about to create a big dent on other operators revenue and business plan. If you have any doubt on Reliance Jio's plan and it's business objective you landed in correct page. Let's bisect read the fine print,<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Approximately 7 years ago I wrote an article about Data volume in a mobile network and its importance in capacity planning. I also mentioned about the need for an innovative business plan to harvest the effective efficiency of Data and hence increase revenue. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.originaltips.com/uploads/2016/07/reliance-jio-originaltips.com_.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.originaltips.com/uploads/2016/07/reliance-jio-originaltips.com_.jpeg" height="180" width="320" /></a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Most telecom industry experts know the importance of ARPU - Average Revenue Per User. This magic word helps to forecast revenue and do capacity planning. RF architect may not directly agree with me but our common variable erlang assists to determine ARPU, which is a clear business term for ROI calculation. </div>
<div>
<br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">
Erlang is defined as an amount of voice traffic in an hour. .i.e Total voice minutes / 60. Total voice minutes = no.of users x Avg usage per user.</blockquote>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Long ago Operators have moved away from erlang. simply because Voice channel is not the only one carried by signal Data is carried together. In recent times more DATA channels are used than Voice. Erlang is history and hence should be Voice based billing</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Data usage is simply growing at an exponential rate than Voice. A photo you clicked and shared, A txt you received/forwarded and every call/emoji you use in watsapp/imessage/hangout/G+ simply Data. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Read following data points from recent article from frost, </div>
<div>
<a href="http://digitaltransformation.frost.com/expert-insights/viewpoints/mobile-data-usage-trends-and-operator-implications/">http://digitaltransformation.frost.com/expert-insights/viewpoints/mobile-data-usage-trends-and-operator-implications/</a></div>
<div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666f73; direction: ltr; font-family: Raleway, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; outline: none !important; padding: 0px; transition: background-color 0.25s linear;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; margin: 0px; outline: none !important; padding: 0px; transition: background-color 0.25s linear;">An average 4G LTE smartphone consumes upwards of 2.5 GB of cellular data every month</li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666f73; direction: ltr; font-family: Raleway, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; outline: none !important; padding: 0px; transition: background-color 0.25s linear;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; margin: 0px; outline: none !important; padding: 0px; transition: background-color 0.25s linear;">Connected tablets are being used more and generating approximately 2.0 GB of cellular data on 4G networks</li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666f73; direction: ltr; font-family: Raleway, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; outline: none !important; padding: 0px; transition: background-color 0.25s linear;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; margin: 0px; outline: none !important; padding: 0px; transition: background-color 0.25s linear;">Connected laptops and air cards (yes these still exist!) consume more than 5 GB of cellular data every month</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div>
One more data point about DATA traffic growth from Internetworking product leader CISCO,</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/mobile-white-paper-c11-520862.html">http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/mobile-white-paper-c11-520862.html</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Sorry for fooling you with slightly incorrect detail. I said SLIGHTLY remember i am building my data points for DATA. The actual truth is every voice call you make is transferred as Data, we live in 4G world your voice is actually carried as Data in Teleco's core network. Billing you by per minute is simply a way to fool you. There is nothing like Roaming, A voice call is IP datagram gets routed across state (say CA to Tx or TN to UP) mostly similar to Data (From sender (your cell) to Server and server to Receiver). So, from a Telecom infrastructure perspective, you need to build and maintain same intelligence for Data and Voice by allowing a not growing segment Reliance is marketing well to capture customers from a competitor. </div>
<div>
<br /><div>
Bill your customer based on DATA usage is the way forward. Reliance Jio is making a bold move and a logical move. Good luck Jio, i am sure Reliance knows to win a customer you need to do lot more than an innovative billing. Quality metrics are very important than simplified billing. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
All the best RELIANCE JIO. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1140178433324510484.post-48433380835280850332016-07-28T00:35:00.000-07:002016-07-28T00:35:33.876-07:00Is this a right time to buy a home in Bay area?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
I really don't want to steer away from my blog focal point, which in Networking technologies. This topic is most discussed in office and in many social gathering. I would like to record my 2 cents with this post,</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="p1" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="s1"><b><u>DISCLAIMER: </u></b>I am not an economist OR Banker OR Real-estate agent. This is not my answer to a Quora question.</span></div>
<div class="p2" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="s1">US house price goes through cycle your purchase point the cycle decides your yield. IMO, at this moment [July, 2016] ]US economy is not ready for another recession. Do not expect 30-50% correction in home prices. </span>Economy mends (oct-dec 2013 house market index corrected, may-july 2016 index corrected), It's really hard to find these drop points. Given the housing demand in bay area, It takes about 3-5 failed offer to get one successful accepted offer. </div>
<div class="p1" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="s1">House rents have gone up disproportionately with individual income. 2BHK apartment, which costed $1550 a month in 2010 is at $2550 today. Give Interest rates is still at an attractive rate. For the same floor plan mortgage is less than rent, since earning on cash is 1% best case. </span></div>
<div class="p2" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="s1">Few facts to substantiate my view on housing bubble timing, </span></div>
<div class="p2" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="s1">Recovery time (Down trend to the beginning of appreciation) gives a good hint about Market explode time (continuous UP trend to down). </span></div>
<ul class="ul1">
<li class="li1" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="s1">2008 recession affected housing market by 60% (CA value, not national) </span></li>
<li class="li1" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="s1">Other corrections .com (2000), underwriting collapse (199x) impacted only by 10%</span></li>
<li class="li1" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="s1">2007 to 2011 => Down trend, we are currently in up trend 2011 to 2016. 3.5 yrs Vs 5 years</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="p1" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="s1">Factors affecting house market, </span></div>
<ul class="ul1">
<li class="li1" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="s1">Bubble needs Irrational fraudulent and excess greed – IMO, Three factors can make this happen: Tech valuations irrational, Post Brexit and politics</span></li>
<ul class="ul2">
<li class="li1" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="s1">Effect of TECH valuations footprint is limited to select pockets</span></li>
</ul>
<li class="li1" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="s1">FED support to housing market. Owning a house is relatively cheaper than renting one.</span></li>
<li class="li1" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="s1">5 years of UP trend is too short for a bubble to form. </span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="p1" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="s1">Find a value for money place. Look at your need, you don’t need high school rating of 10 with elementary starting kid.</span></div>
<div class="p1" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="s1"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p1" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="s1">Reference sites,</span></div>
<div class="p1" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="s1"><a href="http://www.paragon-re.com/3_Recessions_2_Bubbles_and_a_Baby">http://www.paragon-re.com/3_Recessions_2_Bubbles_and_a_Baby</a></span></div>
<div class="p1" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="s1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_housing_bubble">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_housing_bubble</a></span></div>
<div class="p1" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="s1"><a href="http://www.economist.com/node/2461875">http://www.economist.com/node/2461875</a></span></div>
<div class="p1" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="s1"><br /></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1140178433324510484.post-73372206819999563052016-01-12T23:51:00.001-08:002017-03-07T10:53:11.796-08:00Quantifying traffic policer rate with Burst-Size value - test method and calculation<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Quality Of Service (QoS) dictates how a packet or flow is handled in networking world. Task is not as simple as the sound of this magic three letter word. Many functionalities of QOS work together to accomplishes this trivial task. QoS complexity is dictated by number of modifications performed to return intended result, QOS concepts are hard to perceive for many networking professionals.<br />
<br />
Let's add one of QoS functionality "POLICING/RATE-LIMITING"<br />
<br />
Traffic policing is one of the commonly used QoS feature. Policer/rate-limiter helps to allow only defined packet rate for interested flow. Various other sub-tasks like set queue.no or mark a specific bit in packet for violated and conformed actions are also possible.<br />
<br />
Typical traffic policing configuration looks similar to.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Police cir 100 mbps bc 200ms pir 200 mbs bc 20 ms conform transmit exceed set-dscp 3 violated drop</blockquote>
<br />
above config allows traffic rate of 100kbs, sets dscp value 3 for flow between 100mbps to 200 mbps and drop any further traffic.<br />
<br />
Most networking engineers don't really know that traffic is not actually policed at 100 mbbs, there is more to it, BC helps to define it.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
What does "BC - Burst Count" do?<br />
Why my actual policer rate is more than defined rate?<br />
How does it helps on practical traffic flows?</blockquote>
<br />
Let's find answer here.<br />
<br />
Burst count helps to adjust policer rate to absorb traffic burst. Real world traffic flow is bursty in nature. Handling burst help to have handle on policer rate without increasing the traffic drop point.<br />
very rare to see a constant rate of data flow, even if you observe high traffic rate, it is definitely constituted by several mice flows than one giant elephant flow.<br />
<br />
BC in time representation translates to Bytes based on port speed.<br />
<br />
for a 100mbps policer rate 200 ms BC<br />
Policer bandwidth in Bytes is,<br />
<br />
(100 x 1000 x 1000 ) bps x 0.2 Sec = 2500 KBytes<br />
--------------------------------------------<br />
8 bits in a byte<br />
<br />
On a 10gbps port speed this translates (2500 KB / 10gbps)to, 2m<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small; font-weight: bold; line-height: 14.1818px;">sec</span> of burst duration.<br />
<br />
Bandwidth rate in 2msec on 100mbps link becomes 0.2mbps. Effective policer rate is 100.2 Mbps<br />
<br />
<br />
Typical BC metrics are either in time (ms/micro-sec/sec) or in Bytes. Now that you know the conversion. effective policer rate can be easily determined. </div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1140178433324510484.post-16230830036739618642016-01-01T00:13:00.000-08:002016-01-03T00:15:31.390-08:00Data Center Switch Market - Black magic in White Box<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Deploy, Manage and operate Data center switches similar to the way you operate a server. Buy commodity hardware and run operating system you like. These two ideas gave birth to WHITE BOX switches to Switching market.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLGA6O7mjxWwAWKZpIvKbrt099xcBThnp7KQrJSnvxLPJZTqSGYg9STtjLdj5q3_hdsU2ic_xWObZ6o13xPUs-lqZ9ZRMyIBK4m21-qEgjoTWsk0vRcUmOOo5qpnU4ZawNvBhe0geHcqE/s1600/MagicBox.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLGA6O7mjxWwAWKZpIvKbrt099xcBThnp7KQrJSnvxLPJZTqSGYg9STtjLdj5q3_hdsU2ic_xWObZ6o13xPUs-lqZ9ZRMyIBK4m21-qEgjoTWsk0vRcUmOOo5qpnU4ZawNvBhe0geHcqE/s1600/MagicBox.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
In campus networking and Data Center networking Top of Rack (TOR) or Leaf switches are the most deployed networking infrastructure. Every network interconnect should go through LAN switches, In Data Center networking TOR is the 1st server interconnect point. Every server gets a link to a TOR switch through direct or indirect extended links. White box evolution is promises to make a big impact on TOR market with low priced commodity switches. Data Center switching has made a giant stride in recent time, Switches are specially built instead of using general-purpose switches. There has been a quantum jump in amount of traffic handled by data center switches. I have used 100Mbps port-speed switches to connect server, Gone or the days!</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
White box echo system consists of,</div>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li style="text-align: justify;">Merchant silicon companies - Networking ASICS - Ex: BRCM, xpliant, NxP, Intel</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Bare Metal Switch providers - Ex: Quanta computer Inc, Pic8, Accton, Celestica</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Network OS Ex: Cumulus, Pic8, Big Switch Networks, Juniper, Dell etc</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
ASIC, HW and OS together makes a switch. Choice for each one of these through various vendors makes life easy for all customers. This Healthy competition is laying founding stones for the fruitful future of White box switches. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
I am neither a support nor an opposer to White box solutions. My data center domain expertise only puzzles me with following questions. </div>
<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li style="text-align: justify;">Server OS != Switch OS. I couldn't accept this point.</li>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">x86 architecture has been there for a while. hypothetically Ever since computer industry has evolved into mainstream.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Server OS is a Very very big market to keep different providers busy.Desktop, Application hosting environment, Cloud, Campus, cellphone and lab)</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Networking processors have to go through multiple sprints to get the maturity equivalent to PC processors. Evolving protocols needs newer capabilities in ASIC.</li>
</ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Support Onus - Asic, Switch Manufacturer and OS, Out of these three pillars who will take ownership for any issues.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Catch-Up with standard - Networking giants like Cisco, Juniper and Brocade have edge over Merchant silicon vendors in many new protocols.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Support cost is directly proportionate to knowledge base. New Box/OS - means new training cycle for IT engineers</li>
</ol>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Certainly WHITE BOX solutions is an important catalyst for SDN and NFV evolution. Data Center and enterprise networking is going through a big consolidation phase. White Box battle will certainly make a big hole in existing networking vendors revenue. I am sure they will have plans to sail through this head wind. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Open standards is must to increase innovation and hence tackle digital divide across the globe. Only time can reveal the effectiveness of this black magic. </div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<ol style="text-align: left;"></ol>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1140178433324510484.post-76598858738822680202015-12-13T16:58:00.002-08:002015-12-13T17:00:22.687-08:00Going away from silos to Hyper Converged Systems<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
A typical starting statement of a IT support help desk has statements like, '<span style="font-family: inherit;">xyz' in app did not work, getting unexpected error. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Firstly, support executive tries to isolate problem domain. Upon making 1st level triage, reassigns ticket to domain expert. Domain expert looks at the issue and expresses his option. More often load handling of infra is blamed. IT team takes it further to scale up specific infra. Depending on the app importance immediate or delayed budget gets this new HW. IT provisioning team integrates new node and issue is finally resolved.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Though the solution flow looks simple, often it takes weeks or months to add a new compute resource in traditional IT handling methods. Some trivial tasks involved in adding new infra are: Data Center rack space, physical network connection, provisioning, OS installation and app migration. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Yes, gone are the days. Virtualization converts these trivial tasks into few simple click events. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiRs-AZ7sRe62coKEpv4t4JwT4Uy0gFdWKXGNVuzostsWF0KVni_weSgGohjT3hzPKyIoFKd41y1dZlZXV0_Qk9p0dXpWfV4SlSJH5XzweQJU5DwYQp5kujUNcPjx_Q545zbE3tSL9bjI/s1600/Screen+Shot+2015-12-13+at+4.51.41+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: justify;"><img border="0" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiRs-AZ7sRe62coKEpv4t4JwT4Uy0gFdWKXGNVuzostsWF0KVni_weSgGohjT3hzPKyIoFKd41y1dZlZXV0_Qk9p0dXpWfV4SlSJH5XzweQJU5DwYQp5kujUNcPjx_Q545zbE3tSL9bjI/s320/Screen+Shot+2015-12-13+at+4.51.41+PM.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">A simple clone operation and network param change creates new node. </span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Scaling up compute, storage and memory can happen in few clicks.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">having said that, still adding a new node to existing cluster can take long cycles. This can add up lead time. </span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">In NAS and SAN environment scaling up beyond current storage limits take lot of time. </span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">CPU cycle still follow traditional delays, It's difficult to add pur compute infra by itself.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">HA and recovery from fault is time consuming</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">End of problem statement leads to solution segment. Here you go,</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Many startups are working on solutions to remove above mentioned silos. End goal is to reduce lead time involved in compute, storage and memory expand and shrink operation. companies to watch out in this space are, </span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Nutanix - San Jose based startup, offers different models of Hyper converged systems. Works with all leading Hypervisor vendors. recently came-up with its own hypervisor as well.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Nimboxx - </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 16px;">built on the same platform as existing Nimboxx solutions, combining compute, storage, networking and security into a single system. High availability comes from the Nimboxx MeshOS operating environment</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 16px;">Pivot3 </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 16px;">- </span><span style="line-height: 16px;">The vSTAC OS dynamically aggregates, load-balances and optimizes shared storage, compute and network resources within the Pivot3 </span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 16px;">Simpivity</span></li>
</ol>
</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16px;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Other than start-ups few established players have their own solutions as well.</span></div>
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Riverbed, Supermicro.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Hyper converged systems will be a very interesting space to watchout in 2015 and 2016. Software defined Storage (SDS) is expected to take good shape with hyper converged systems. </div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1140178433324510484.post-47188807499421028192014-08-15T08:40:00.001-07:002014-08-15T08:40:55.766-07:00Wireless Networking challenges<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
I must say Data (Voice+packet) that can be carried per Hz (Unit for Frequency) rapidly gone up in this decade. Thanks to intelligent brains in finding better results in Signal processing and Mobile communication. I am sure we will witness much faster mobile communication and intelligent nodes (Your AC, Smoke detectors, Window, lighting etc) in coming days. Wireless networking is definitely a happening field in networking sector. Wireless radios have matured from proprietary technologies to heavily into standard based solution in a very short span of time.<br />
<br />
Primary challenges in front of wireless networking startups,<br />
<br />
Improve SNR - Signal to Noise ration<br />
<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Increase Signal penetration (Gigantic Base Station to Pico cells). LOS (Line of Sight) performance in Non-LOS conditions is the goal.</li>
<li>Intelligence to Antenna (Reducing transmission loss, noise cancellation and coverage improvement)</li>
<li>Beat Shannon's law</li>
</ol>
<br />
From service providers point of view:<br />
<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Mobility - Signal handoff, LTE advanced and WiMax advanced made a breakthrough here.</li>
<li>Wireless device management - Software Defined radio</li>
<li>Monitoring - Intelligent Load sharing</li>
</ol>
<div>
There may be numerous other challenges but above list offers a simple baseline.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Interesting part of this post is to cover wireless networking startups but wait for my next post to know about Kum networks, DIDO</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1140178433324510484.post-49646629020396875362014-08-15T00:19:00.002-07:002014-08-15T00:19:58.273-07:00Debugging with GDB - Lets decypher Segmentation Fault<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div>
I want to be a philanthropist. Hold on! Are you looking for any link to get money? Get out of my website if you have wrongly landed here in search of money. I am sure Google (Search engine is not the key word any more) does a good job in listing search results. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
I only offer information in netglutton, after all information is wealth. I recently gathered more information about a tool i use almost every day in my Software Engineer role. a magic three letter tool "GDB - GNU Debugging".</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Process crash or Core singles out as "Critical" defect among tons of defects in any software system. It is so severe that both test engineer and developer have hard time in resolving process crash. As a software test engineer i have encountered 100s of Process Crash scenarios. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Why it happens?</div>
<div>
Simply, unhandled exception. Yes, Process crash happens due to unhandled exceptions like Null Pointer, Memory error, EOF etc in code. As a test engineer i have not only seen simple way to trigger a crash but also a most difficult ones. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b><u>DO NOT TRY THIS: </u></b></div>
<div>
If you have root access, find a non-restartable process (ps -ef) and do "kill -9 or -11".</div>
<div>
<br /><div>
"Breaking Point" is very critical issues in code. I really dont want to get into the reason for Crash/Cores. A C/C++ developer must know about GNU Debugging (GDB). Software test engineer should also know about collecting core file, attaching to GDB and finding BT (BackTrace short form).</div>
<div>
<br /><div>
Unhandled exception OR Null pointer OR Segmentation Fault in process leads to process restart. Process failure leads to core file. Back trace using GDB helps to find breaking function call /memory location/ value. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
With above contextual information, go through following help links for more information about How to GDB?</div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~gilpin/tutorial/">http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~gilpin/tutorial/</a></div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.delorie.com/gnu/docs/gdb/gdb_1.html">http://www.delorie.com/gnu/docs/gdb/gdb_1.html</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1140178433324510484.post-20669203380306374322014-07-27T23:50:00.002-07:002014-07-27T23:50:31.716-07:00Midonet - Network Virtualization Solution from Midokura: <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
SDN is not a story anymore, Several players have solutions to try. With this blog post i am going to share my read/research about Midonet - A Network Vitalization Solution from a start-up "Midokura". Unlike other leading SDN providers, Midokura prime focus is fixed at Decentralization.<br />
<br />
Instead of a designated controller based approach, Midonet has taken a Distributed controller approach. Every Hypervisor will act as a virtual Router hence highly Distributed. Distributed routing intelligence combined with Border Gateway (Physical Router) controls network traffic to/from datacenter from/to Internet.<br />
<br />
Midonet operation explained in few words,<br />
<br />
Central flow DB either gives information about destination node and flow or finds a path to destination. Source establishes a GRE tunnel to destination. Destination could be another Hypervisor or Gateway connected to Internet. Packet intercepted in Hypervisor at kernel space, encapsulated inside a GRE.<br />
<br />
<b><u>Key Elements involved in Midonet solution:</u></b><br />
<br />
Hypervisor interconnect: Midonet simply expects a ip switching/routing reachability between all hypervisors and Gateway. No vendor dependency.<br />
<br />
Agent: Every Hypervisor needs Midonet Agent installation. Agent derives flow information from central DB for 1st packet, rest of the packets to same destination will directly go through established tunnel to destination Hypervisor.<br />
<br />
Gateway: x86 server with Midonet Agent. Talks to external network in E-BGP.<br />
<br />
Central Network flow DataBase: All Midonet agents subscribe to this DB. DB contains every information about every VM.<br />
<br />
Midonet API, GUI, Orchestration: API offers programmable interface to View/control Agents. GUI does the same to graphical user. Easy to integrate with cloud orchestration tools like OpenStack and CloudStack.<br />
<br />
Now, please read Midonet operation explanation once again with Midonet elements in mind.<br />
<br />
A VirtualMachine wants to reach a destination, of course VM is inside a hypervisor. Hypervisor gets the packet to send. Midonet Agent intercepts the packet, finds tunnel information from Network DB. Establishes a tunnel to destination. Tunnel destination could be another Hypervisor or Gateway (for external traffic).<br />
<br />
Hope you have fill picture of Midonet's SDN offering. <br />
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1140178433324510484.post-99228360924436312014-07-13T23:59:00.001-07:002014-07-27T23:11:07.223-07:00First Thoughts on OpenContrail<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Thanks to Juniper Networks and Bay Area Network Virtualization Meet-up group for a wonderful OpenContrail hands on session. Juniper product marketing folks created an awesome environment to play and learn their solution. I appreciate their openness, indeed a rare quality among big companies. Especially from the one, Juniper, which is under lot of pressure to perform in changing DataCenter networking field.<br />
<br />
What does OpenContrail Do?<br />
<br />
Open, standard based solution to do Network virtualization and service automation for cloud network.<br />
It has 3 important stakeholders,<br />
1. Controller (configuration, control and Analytics<br />
2. VRouter (Every compute element has VRouter)<br />
3. Gateway (Exit point to external network) - any MPLS-VPN OR VxLAN and Tunneling supported Router<br />
<br />
Solution expects IP reachability between all nodes very simple flat network is sufficient.<br />
You can create a IP Pool, Create VM and set its NIC. Whole set becomes a VPC (Virtual Private Cloud).<br />
<br />
Now, Define Network Functions .i.e policies from GUI like access to external IP, IP NAT, Firewall and LB (Load balancing) policies. Without contrail imagine provisioning public/private cloud in DC and making any small changes. If you have ever dealt with network provisioning team you know the pain and delay. Software Defined DataCenter aimed to remove those provisioning and monitoring hurdles, contrail is moving ahead with its solution.<br />
<br />
OpenContrail is bringing so much value to SDN echo system. Solution is completely open. Network provisioning, management and analytics comes easy to scale your DC without much hurdle.<br />
<br />
OpenContrail has so many things to talk about. I would like to talk more in newer posts. For now i would like to complete this post with few question.<br />
<br />
Flat IP connectivity is a big piece to manage. How network bottle neck can be solved?<br />
How I/O can be managed? Storage is a critical piece in VM provisioning<br />
How deep analytics can penetrate? How Infrastructure can be handled better with application intelligence?</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1140178433324510484.post-78316606894603105642014-07-07T23:34:00.000-07:002014-07-07T23:34:43.765-07:00A special case in IPV4 subnetting /31 prefixes<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Lack of IPV4 addresses pushed think-tanks to come-up with various optimization techniques. /31-bit prefixes for IPV4 point-point link is one such optimization. This is a special case in IPV4 sub-netting.<br />
<br />
A basic thumb-rule in subnet masking is,<br />
<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>1st address to network</li>
<li>last address to Broadcast</li>
<li>IP address in between are usable IPs for hosts</li>
</ol>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b><u>For Example: </u></b></div>
<div>
192.168.1.1/28 prefix: Network: 192.168.1.0, Broadcast: 192.168.1.15 Hosts: 192.168.1.1-14</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Hence for any IP subnet 2 IP addresses used to make the subnet work. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
When i started my carrier as old timer in IP networking, i used to use only /30 for P2P links. I have generously wasted 2 ips per PTP link. Internet consortium came up with a special case to mitigate this IP address wastage. <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3021" target="_blank">RFC3021</a> has more information about /31-but prefix</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Latest Routers accept /31 as valid subnet. In a PTP network Broadcast and network IP has less value. Router will forward to peer if it identifies dst.ip belongs to his subnet but not belong to him. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
All VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masking) supported routing protocols understands /31. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Hope you learned something new. Happy Networking!</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Other articles related to /31 ip prefix,</div>
<div>
<a href="http://packetlife.net/blog/2008/jun/18/using-31-bit-subnets-on-point-point-links/" target="_blank">Packetlife : Link</a></div>
<div>
<a href="http://networkengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/1547/31-point-to-point-bitmasks" target="_blank">Discussion on /31 in P2P</a></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1140178433324510484.post-13344734035084940932014-07-06T12:55:00.000-07:002014-07-06T12:55:14.326-07:00Init - Hello packet<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Welcome to "NetGlutton"! - A weblog to share my thoughts and learning around Internet working Technologies.<br />
The Internet is the unprecedented gateway to any information you seek. I intend to make my contribution through this blog. You will not only find my take on a topic but also various other collected references.<br />
<br />
I yet to make my mark with contributions, hence holding this post with INIT state, I cannot recognize peer Hello packet (Reader interest), I yet to start my Hellos too :-)<br />
<br />
I will cover following topic in this web blog,<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Data Center Networking Trends - SDN, NFV, Open Flow, Overlay Technologies, Chef, Puppet, vSwitch/vRouter, ACI</li>
<li>Mobile communication Trends - WiFi (802.11 a/b/c/n), WiMAX (802.16 d/e), LTE, LTE Advanced, Wireless Spectrum</li>
<li>Internet of Things - Home Automation, Home Security, Video Surveillance, Intelligent devices</li>
<li>Internet technologies trends - Internet Usage, Storage, optimization</li>
<li>Mobile Applications</li>
</ol>
<br />
<br />
Information is wealth, Shared information is wise. I chose to be a wise man than wealthier.<br />
<br />
Closing my Init post with a quote,<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Taking information from Internet is like taking a drink from fire hydrant.<br /> - Mitchell kapor</blockquote>
<br />
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0California, USA36.778261 -119.4179323999999823.886873 -140.07222939999997 49.669649 -98.763635399999984